No . 2006 / 54 Central Banks as Agents of Economic Development
نویسنده
چکیده
In the last two decades, there has been a global sea change in the theory and practice of central banking. The currently dominant ‘best practice’ approach to central banking consists of the following: (1) central bank independence (2) a focus on inflation fighting (including adopting formal ‘inflation targeting’) and (3) the use of indirect methods of monetary policy (that is, short-term interest rates as opposed to direct methods such as credit ceilings). This paper argues that this neo-liberal approach to central banking is highly idiosyncratic in that, as a package, it is dramatically different from the historically dominant theory and practice of central banking, not only in the developing world, but, notably, in the now developed countries themselves. Throughout the early and recent history of central banking in the US, England, Europe, and elsewhere, financing governments, managing exchange rates, and supporting economic sectors by using ‘direct methods’ of intervention have been among the most important tasks of central banking and, indeed, in many cases, were among the reasons for their existence. The neo-liberal central bank policy package, then, is drastically out of step with the history and dominant practice of central banking throughout most of its history.
منابع مشابه
Social Value of Information and Optimal Communication Policy of Central Banks
Monetary policy as a tool for expectations management is believed to be most effective if it can coordinate the beliefs and expectations of the economic agents. The optimal communication policy is in an environment where central bank announcements are common knowledge and abundant information is complete transparency. The above conclusion is altered in the more realistic situation where economi...
متن کاملThe Impact of Monetary Sector Development on Iranian Banks’ Loan Supply
Banks play an important role in economic development. The access to bank financing allows many firms to carry out investment projects, which prompt economic development. Numerous studies have underlined that monetary policy is a key element in determining banks’ loan supply. Monetary development raises the scope of monetary policy and improves policy performance. This study examines the effec...
متن کاملThe Determinates of Financial Development in Iraq
T his paper examines the effect of factors on the development of commercial banking in Iraq. Seven factors used as determinates for financial depth which are per capita GDP, inflation rate, government budget deficit, share of state-owned banks of total assets as proxy of financial repression, oil sector domination, international trade openness and political stability as explanatory v...
متن کاملApplication of Economic Value Added in Banking Sector of Iran
Economic Value Added, or EVA is one of the popular tools that bankers can use to measure the financial performance of their bank. EVA helps management to conduct internal goal-setting. The long-term goal is preferred than short-term implications. It measures the company’s financial performance based on the residual wealth calculated by deducting its cost of capital from its operating profit, ad...
متن کاملThe Rule of Banking System Development in Economic Growth : The Case of Iran
This paper empirically investigates the relationship between banks and economic growth emphasizing the transmission channels from financial development to growth in Iran using time series methodologies, namely Johansen’s co-integration and Granger causality methods in the context of error correction models (ECM). The results show that in our case study banks affect economic growth mainly throug...
متن کامل